> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.pinakelai.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Registers, offices and origin offices

> What jurisdiction, office and origin_office mean, and why they differ for international registrations.

Three fields say where a record comes from. They are easy to confuse, and they matter most for marks protected under the Madrid system.

| Field | Meaning | Example |
| - | - | - |
| `jurisdiction` | The **register** the record comes from: the dataset Pinakel loaded it from. | `CH` for the Swiss register |
| `office` | The **registering office** the record names. | `CH` for a national Swiss mark; `WO` for an international registration designating Switzerland |
| `origin_office` | Only in the `WO` register: the **office of origin** of the international registration. | `FR` for an international registration based on a French mark |

## Registers

Each register has a code of 2 to 4 capital letters. National registers use the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code (`US`, `CN`, `AL`). Regional and international registers use their office codes:

| Code | Register |
| - | - |
| `EM` | European Union trade marks (EUIPO) |
| `BX` | Benelux trademarks (BOIP) |
| `OA` | African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI) |
| `WO` | International registrations under the Madrid system (WIPO) |

[`GET /v1/jurisdictions`](https://docs.pinakelai.com/api-reference/jurisdictions/list) lists every register with its name, size and freshness. Pass codes to the `jurisdiction` filter to limit a search or the changes feed to those registers. Without `jurisdiction`, a search covers every available register.

## Office

`office` is the registering office as the record states it. For most records it equals `jurisdiction`. It differs when a national register also lists international registrations that designate the country: in the Swiss register, a mark protected through the Madrid system has `jurisdiction: "CH"` and `office: "WO"`.

To find only those designations in a register:

```bash theme={null}
curl -G "https://api.pinakelai.com/v1/trademarks" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $PINAKEL_API_KEY" \
  --data-urlencode "jurisdiction=CH" \
  --data-urlencode "office=WO" \
  --data-urlencode "application_date_from=2025-01-01"
```

## Origin office

The `WO` register holds the international registrations themselves. In that register `office` is always `WO`, and `origin_office` names the office where the basic application or registration was filed. Outside the `WO` register, `origin_office` is always `null`.

To list international registrations based on French marks:

```bash theme={null}
curl -G "https://api.pinakelai.com/v1/trademarks" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $PINAKEL_API_KEY" \
  --data-urlencode "jurisdiction=WO" \
  --data-urlencode "origin_office=FR" \
  --data-urlencode "application_date_from=2026-01-01"
```

## One mark, several records

The same mark can appear in several registers: the international registration in `WO`, and its designation in each national register that lists designations. These are separate records with separate ids. The international registration number links them: search with `international_registration_number` to find all of them at once (see [Identifiers](https://docs.pinakelai.com/concepts/identifiers.md)).

Pinakel does not merge records across registers. Each record shows what its own register says, so status and dates can legitimately differ between the international registration and a national designation.


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